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Tone sandhi: Difference between revisions
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lead: join
(from the Sanskrit word for "joining") |
(lead: join) |
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''' | '''{{w|Tone sandhi}}''' ("sandhi" is from the Sanskrit word for "joining") is the change of tone when certain tones are pronounced successively. | ||
* In Taiwanese, most syllables will have to change [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. The rules for this are extensive. Basically, it's a way to join syllables into words as well as to join larger units. | |||
* Almost all verbs and adjectives will change tone to "join" them to whatever is coming next in the sentence, if present. | |||
* The final syllable in a noun doesn't change tone, as long as it's standing alone. (If it's being used as an adjective, see above.) | |||
== Basic rules (Tone Circles) == | == Basic rules (Tone Circles) == | ||
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* If the original tone number is '''4''' (low-short), pronounce it as tone number '''8''' (high-short). | * If the original tone number is '''4''' (low-short), pronounce it as tone number '''8''' (high-short). | ||
We admit this is a simplification. Please see {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} for a more detailed explanation. | |||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
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==Exceptions== | ==Exceptions== | ||
*most nouns | * most nouns | ||
*ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq' | * ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq' | ||
*[[symmih]], [[ui symmih]], (see [[Taiguo_Siong'iong_460-ji#Demonstrative_pronouns]]) | *[[symmih]], [[ui symmih]], (see [[Taiguo_Siong'iong_460-ji#Demonstrative_pronouns]]) | ||
* [[basic tone]] + [[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | * [[basic tone]] + [[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | ||
*surnames before ''{{x|siensvy}}'': {{XL|Taan}}`siensvy | * surnames before ''{{x|siensvy}}'': {{XL|Taan}}`siensvy | ||
==Further details== | ==Further details== | ||
* more detailed rules have been posted at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}}, esp. special cases involving suffix ''ar'' (仔) and [[triplication]] | * more detailed rules have been posted at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}}, esp. special cases involving suffix ''ar'' (仔) and [[triplication]] | ||
*syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x| | * syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x|bøeq}} | ||
* [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | * [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | ||
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* [[Banlaam-guo]] | * [[Banlaam-guo]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:gw'ym-hak]] | ||
[[Category: Tones of Taiwanese]] | [[Category: Tones of Taiwanese]] | ||